Solid state batteries vs lithium ion – the future of battery swapping technology
Today, the global EV industry is booming, and the introduction of EV battery swapping technology can effectively alleviate battery anxiety, significantly reduce long charging times, and write a key strategy to promote EV popularity.
The battery swapping technology has attracted a lot of attention to the industry with its advantages, and its core – battery selection. Competition between solid-state batteries and lithium batteries(solid state batteries vs lithium ion) is particularly fierce. Lithium battery as the mainstream of the market, its battery swapping model has been mature and commercialized, effectively improving the user life experience. Solid state battery, with their high energy density, superior thermal stability and potential for rapid battery swapping, brings new opportunities for battery swapping technology.
This article mainly introduces the advantages and disadvantages of solid state batteries vs lithium ion, and discusses how they jointly shape the future development direction of battery swapping technology.
Table of Contents
Working principle: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Both solid-state and liquid lithium-ion batteries charge and discharge are on the basis of “rocking chair batteries,” which rely on lithium ions to move between positive and negative terminals to work.
In the charging and discharging process, Li+ is inserted and removed between the two electrodes.
When charging, Li+ is removed from the positive electrode and inserted into the negative electrode through the lithium ion battery electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; The opposite is true for electrical discharge. Therefore, solid-state batteries and liquid lithium-ion batteries have comparability and commonality in performance parameters.
Lithium-ion battery: The liquid electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity (~0.01S/cm), and lithium ions can easily move in the liquid electrolyte, moving from one electrode (negative) to another electrode (positive), so as to achieve the charging and discharging of lithium ion battery.
Solid-state battery: Using a solid electrolyte, lithium ions move in the solid electrolyte to achieve the charging and discharging process. A solid electrolyte may be a pure solid or a composite solid containing a very small amount of liquid or semi-solid components.
Performance characteristics: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Energy density: Lithium-ion batteries typically have a higher energy density, meaning they can store more energy at a smaller volume or weight. But solid-state batteries may have a slightly higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries.
Safety: Solid-state batteries are less prone to leaks or explosions because they use solid-state electrolytes, so they are theoretically safer than lithium-ion batteries.
Charge and discharge times: The charge and discharge times of solid-state batteries are usually more than that of lithium-ion batteries, so the cycle life of solid-state batteries is usually longer than that of lithium-ion batteries, and with the continuous innovation of technology, this advantage is further improved.
Operating temperature range: Solid-state batteries can operate over a wider temperature range, while lithium-ion batteries can experience performance degradation at extremely low temperatures.
Applications: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Lithium-ion batteries: Widely used in smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles and renewable energy storage.
Solid-state batteries: They are expected to find use in electric vehicles, wearables and mobile devices, especially in applications that require higher safety and longer life.
As for solid state batteries vs lithium ion, solid-state batteries use inorganic ceramic materials with better mechanical properties as electrolytes, which can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, while avoiding problems such as thermal shrinkage, making the application of lithium metal negative electrodes in batteries possible and greatly improving battery energy density.
In addition, there is only the migration of lithium ions in the all-solid-state battery, and there is no side reaction such as the formation of SEI film, which improves the coulomb efficiency and enhances the cycle life.
Development trend: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Lithium-ion batteries: As technology matures, the cost of lithium-ion batteries is falling, and energy density and safety are constantly improving.
Solid-state batteries: Although the current cost is high and the production scale is small, with the progress of technology, solid-state batteries are expected to achieve scale in the future, and together with lithium-ion batteries, become mainstream battery technology in battery swapping mode.
Security issues: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
The main problems caused by lithium-ion batteries using liquid electrolytes are: lithium evolution on the surface of the negative electrode, structural damage to the cathode materials, decomposition of the electrolyte at high temperature and pressure, thermal shrinkage of the lithium battery separator, and high temperature failure.
The thermal instability and flammability of the electrolyte are the main reasons for the thermal runaway lithium ion battery, and the electrolyte is the necessary material for the liquid lithium ion battery, resulting in the liquid lithium ion battery can not fundamentally solve the safety problem.
The solid state battery uses a non-combustible, non-corrosive, non-volatile, non-leaking solid electrolyte, which overcomes the phenomenon of electrolyte leakage and electrode internal short circuit in the traditional liquid lithium-ion battery, greatly reduces the probability of thermal runaway, and has high safety.
At the same time, the insulation of the solid electrolyte can better block the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, avoid the short circuit of the positive and negative electrodes, and also act as the function of the separator in the traditional battery.
Environmental protection: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Solid-state electrolytes used in solid-state batteries are mostly inorganic materials, which are more environmentally friendly than liquid electrolytes. In addition, solid-state batteries are more recyclable, and the electrodes are easy to recycle and reuse.
The lithium battery production process uses more chemicals, metals and rare earth elements, which not only causes pollution to the environment, but also has high costs such as production process and material prices.
At the same time, the excessive waste of lithium batteries will also have a certain impact on the environment, such as the failure to recycle, treat and dispose of battery materials in a timely manner.
The disadvantages: solid-state battery vs lithium battery
Compared with lithium batteries(solid state batteries vs lithium ion), solid-state batteries have their own advantages, and the disadvantages are inevitable:
Solid electrolyte stability Solid electrolyte requires high ionic conductivity and good stability. However, at present, solid electrolyte materials are prone to decomposition at high temperatures or high voltage environments, and interaction with the electrode interface may lead to limited cycle life and safety performance.
Selection and matching of electrode materials Solid electrolyte has specific requirements for electrode materials, and it is necessary to find electrode materials with good matching and compatibility.
Manufacturing process and cost The manufacturing process of solid-state batteries is relatively complex, involving the synthesis and assembly of materials at high temperatures. At the same time, because solid-state battery materials are relatively new and the production scale is small, the cost is high, and the cost needs to be further reduced to achieve industrialization.
Safety and reliability Although solid-state batteries have high safety, in large-scale applications, it is necessary to ensure their stable operation under various conditions, especially at high temperatures or currents, and problems such as electrolyte instability and electrode material shedding need to be solved.
Scale production technology There is still a gap in the production efficiency and scale of solid-state batteries compared to liquid batteries, and it is necessary to improve the production efficiency and scale production technology.
The conductivity problem Problems such as solid interface and metal negative electrode are also technical difficulties, resulting in low conductivity.
Technical standard system Standards such as naming, size, performance testing and safety testing of solid-state batteries need to be established and improved to adapt to large-scale development and high-quality requirements.
These technical bottlenecks limit the commercialization and large-scale application of solid-state batteries.
Through in-depth comparative analysis of solid state batteries vs lithium ion, it is not difficult to find that lithium batteries, as the main force of the battery swapping business model, have won wide recognition with their strong market adaptability and mature technical system.
At the same time, in the future, solid-state batteries will inject new vitality into battery swapping technology with their unique advantages. With the increasing maturity of solid-state battery technology and the acceleration of its commercialization, lithium batteries and solid-state batteries will work together to promote battery swapping technology to a new level of efficiency, convenience and safety. This process will greatly promote the popularity and prosperity of the EV industry, and promote the global energy transformation and sustainable development.
Tess
Hi! I am a senior writer in the two-three-wheeler battery swapping industry, with many years of writing experience, committed to providing the ultimate knowledge, services and a complete set of battery swapping solutions for various industries.
Solid state batteries vs lithium ion – the future of battery swapping technology
Today, the global EV industry is booming, and the introduction of EV battery swapping technology can effectively alleviate battery anxiety, significantly reduce long charging times, and write a key strategy to promote EV popularity.
The battery swapping technology has attracted a lot of attention to the industry with its advantages, and its core – battery selection. Competition between solid-state batteries and lithium batteries(solid state batteries vs lithium ion) is particularly fierce. Lithium battery as the mainstream of the market, its battery swapping model has been mature and commercialized, effectively improving the user life experience. Solid state battery, with their high energy density, superior thermal stability and potential for rapid battery swapping, brings new opportunities for battery swapping technology.
This article mainly introduces the advantages and disadvantages of solid state batteries vs lithium ion, and discusses how they jointly shape the future development direction of battery swapping technology.
Working principle: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Both solid-state and liquid lithium-ion batteries charge and discharge are on the basis of “rocking chair batteries,” which rely on lithium ions to move between positive and negative terminals to work.
In the charging and discharging process, Li+ is inserted and removed between the two electrodes.
When charging, Li+ is removed from the positive electrode and inserted into the negative electrode through the lithium ion battery electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; The opposite is true for electrical discharge. Therefore, solid-state batteries and liquid lithium-ion batteries have comparability and commonality in performance parameters.
Lithium-ion battery: The liquid electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity (~0.01S/cm), and lithium ions can easily move in the liquid electrolyte, moving from one electrode (negative) to another electrode (positive), so as to achieve the charging and discharging of lithium ion battery.
Solid-state battery: Using a solid electrolyte, lithium ions move in the solid electrolyte to achieve the charging and discharging process. A solid electrolyte may be a pure solid or a composite solid containing a very small amount of liquid or semi-solid components.
Performance characteristics: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Applications: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Lithium-ion batteries: Widely used in smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles and renewable energy storage.
Solid-state batteries: They are expected to find use in electric vehicles, wearables and mobile devices, especially in applications that require higher safety and longer life.
As for solid state batteries vs lithium ion, solid-state batteries use inorganic ceramic materials with better mechanical properties as electrolytes, which can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, while avoiding problems such as thermal shrinkage, making the application of lithium metal negative electrodes in batteries possible and greatly improving battery energy density.
In addition, there is only the migration of lithium ions in the all-solid-state battery, and there is no side reaction such as the formation of SEI film, which improves the coulomb efficiency and enhances the cycle life.
Development trend: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Lithium-ion batteries: As technology matures, the cost of lithium-ion batteries is falling, and energy density and safety are constantly improving.
Solid-state batteries: Although the current cost is high and the production scale is small, with the progress of technology, solid-state batteries are expected to achieve scale in the future, and together with lithium-ion batteries, become mainstream battery technology in battery swapping mode.
Security issues: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
The main problems caused by lithium-ion batteries using liquid electrolytes are: lithium evolution on the surface of the negative electrode, structural damage to the cathode materials, decomposition of the electrolyte at high temperature and pressure, thermal shrinkage of the lithium battery separator, and high temperature failure.
The thermal instability and flammability of the electrolyte are the main reasons for the thermal runaway lithium ion battery, and the electrolyte is the necessary material for the liquid lithium ion battery, resulting in the liquid lithium ion battery can not fundamentally solve the safety problem.
The solid state battery uses a non-combustible, non-corrosive, non-volatile, non-leaking solid electrolyte, which overcomes the phenomenon of electrolyte leakage and electrode internal short circuit in the traditional liquid lithium-ion battery, greatly reduces the probability of thermal runaway, and has high safety.
At the same time, the insulation of the solid electrolyte can better block the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, avoid the short circuit of the positive and negative electrodes, and also act as the function of the separator in the traditional battery.
Environmental protection: solid state batteries vs lithium ion
Solid-state electrolytes used in solid-state batteries are mostly inorganic materials, which are more environmentally friendly than liquid electrolytes. In addition, solid-state batteries are more recyclable, and the electrodes are easy to recycle and reuse.
The lithium battery production process uses more chemicals, metals and rare earth elements, which not only causes pollution to the environment, but also has high costs such as production process and material prices.
At the same time, the excessive waste of lithium batteries will also have a certain impact on the environment, such as the failure to recycle, treat and dispose of battery materials in a timely manner.
The disadvantages: solid-state battery vs lithium battery
Compared with lithium batteries(solid state batteries vs lithium ion), solid-state batteries have their own advantages, and the disadvantages are inevitable:
Solid electrolyte stability
Solid electrolyte requires high ionic conductivity and good stability. However, at present, solid electrolyte materials are prone to decomposition at high temperatures or high voltage environments, and interaction with the electrode interface may lead to limited cycle life and safety performance.
Selection and matching of electrode materials
Solid electrolyte has specific requirements for electrode materials, and it is necessary to find electrode materials with good matching and compatibility.
Manufacturing process and cost
The manufacturing process of solid-state batteries is relatively complex, involving the synthesis and assembly of materials at high temperatures. At the same time, because solid-state battery materials are relatively new and the production scale is small, the cost is high, and the cost needs to be further reduced to achieve industrialization.
Safety and reliability
Although solid-state batteries have high safety, in large-scale applications, it is necessary to ensure their stable operation under various conditions, especially at high temperatures or currents, and problems such as electrolyte instability and electrode material shedding need to be solved.
Scale production technology
There is still a gap in the production efficiency and scale of solid-state batteries compared to liquid batteries, and it is necessary to improve the production efficiency and scale production technology.
The conductivity problem
Problems such as solid interface and metal negative electrode are also technical difficulties, resulting in low conductivity.
Technical standard system
Standards such as naming, size, performance testing and safety testing of solid-state batteries need to be established and improved to adapt to large-scale development and high-quality requirements.
These technical bottlenecks limit the commercialization and large-scale application of solid-state batteries.
Conclusion
Battery swapping technology is the key to the development of the EV industry, and its core lies in battery technology innovation. If you want to know more information about battery swapping, you can also check battery swapping station cost; battery swap installation; how battery swapping work; battery swapping business model.
Through in-depth comparative analysis of solid state batteries vs lithium ion, it is not difficult to find that lithium batteries, as the main force of the battery swapping business model, have won wide recognition with their strong market adaptability and mature technical system.
At the same time, in the future, solid-state batteries will inject new vitality into battery swapping technology with their unique advantages. With the increasing maturity of solid-state battery technology and the acceleration of its commercialization, lithium batteries and solid-state batteries will work together to promote battery swapping technology to a new level of efficiency, convenience and safety. This process will greatly promote the popularity and prosperity of the EV industry, and promote the global energy transformation and sustainable development.