Lead acid battery vs lithium ion – which two-wheeler battery is better
Table of Contents
Now the use of electric two-wheeler users more and more, the most important is to use the lead acid battery vs lithium ion, that for beginners, may not know which battery is suitable for themselves. This article will explain the difference between lead acid battery vs lithium ion, and the comparison between them.
Difference between lead acid and lithium ion battery
● Safety of lead acid battery vs lithium ion: In terms of safety performance, the lead-acid battery is mainly sulfuric acid due to the electrolyte, and the plate is lead.
These are relatively stable substances, although in addition to the sulfuric acid electrolyte, there is also water inside the lead-acid battery, and a short circuit inside the battery will decompose the water into hydrogen and oxygen, both of these gases are combustible gases, especially when hydrogen is excessive, it will explode when it encounters an open flame.
However, gel batteries are generally used now, and the internal moisture content of the battery is small, and the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen is low, so it is not easy to have the risk of fire and explosion.
Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used because of their excellent performance, and their safety has also been widely concerned. Because lithium-ion batteries are composed of highly active positive and negative electrode materials and organic electrolyte, it is very easy to have violent chemical reactions under hot conditions, so the “thermal runaway” caused by various conditions is the main reason for causing dangerous accidents in batteries.
At present, safety measures such as explosion-proof valves, thermal sealing diaphragms and positive temperature coefficient resistors are generally used, and the combination of various safety measures can better improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries. ● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion energy density： Lead-acid battery: generally 30-50wh/Kg, low energy density, overall weight is relatively heavy. Lithium-ion batteries: The energy density is generally 100-240wh/Kg, and the energy density of lithium batteries is 3-4 times that of lead acid.
This means that in the case of the same capacity, lithium batteries are 3-4 times that of lead-acid batteries, so from lead acid battery vs lithium ion energy density, lithium batteries occupy the advantage of small tool batteries, power and energy storage batteries.
● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion price: Lead acid battery: depending on the industry in which the battery is used, it varies from single use to multiple use and group use. From dozens of RMB to tens of thousands of RMB, from small civil batteries, to electric vehicles, traffic vehicle power batteries, to energy storage batteries are different;
Lithium battery: the price is high, lithium battery is about 2-3 times more expensive than lead-acid battery, combined with service life analysis, investment in the same cost, lithium battery life cycle is longer.
Lead acid battery vs lithium ion characteristics
● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion environmental protection aspects:
Lead-acid batteries: there is a large amount of lead in lead-acid batteries, because lead is a heavy metal manufacturing, use, waste after improper treatment, will cause pollution to Ren and the environment;
Lithium-ion battery: because the battery material is basically no toxic and harmful substances, the lithium battery has relatively high requirements in the manufacturing and use process, and there is no pollution in the manufacturing and use, which is considered by the world as a green battery.
So in lead acid battery vs lithium ion, lithium-ion batteries are more environmentally friendly. ● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion service life aspects:
Lead-acid battery: the cycle life of the lead-acid battery according to the use of the environment, the use of different conditions are generally about 300-500 times;
Lithium-ion battery: longer service life, the service life of lithium battery due to different materials, different use environment, different use conditions, the number of cycles is generally about 2000-5000 times.
● Temperature range of application:
The normal operating temperature of the lead-acid battery is -5 to 45 degrees, when the temperature drops 1 degree, the relative capacity of the battery is reduced by about 0.8%; The operating temperature of the lithium battery is -20-60 degrees Celsius, and 100% of the capacity can still be released under high temperature conditions.
● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion charge and dischargeperformance:
Lead-acid battery:
1. There is a memory effect, can not charge at any time discharge;
2. Self-discharge rate fast phenomenon, the battery shelved for a period of time is easy to scrap;
3. The discharge rate is small, can not be charged and discharged for a long time.
Lithium-ion batteries: 1. No memory effect, the battery can be charged and discharged at any time;
2. The battery self-discharge rate is low, the battery can be stored for a long time;
3. Strong power, fast charge and release, 20 minutes can be filled with more than 80%, 15 minutes can be finished;
4. Can be large rate discharge. ● lead acid battery vs lithium ion battery internal materials:
Lead-acid battery: anode，cathode extremely lead oxide, metal lead, AGM separator, electrolyte sulfuric acid, etc.;
Lithium ion battery: positive and negative extremely lithium cobalt acid/lithium iron phosphate/lithium manganese acid, graphite, organic electrolyte, etc.
Here is a comparison of the various batteries:
Category
Life cycles
Charging rate
Prices
Lead acid battery
≥300
0.02C
0.3-0.6 rmb/wh
Lithium iron phosphate battery
≥5000
0.2C
0.8-1.2 rmb/wh
Ternary lithium battery
≥2000
0.5C
0.6-1.0 rmb/wh
Lithium manganate battery
≥500
0.7C
0.5-0.9 rmb/wh
Lithium cobalt oxide battery
≥700
0.7C
0.7-1.0 rmb/wh
Lead acid battery vs lithium ion in two-wheeler industry
Lead-acid batteries are not only used in all walks of life, especially in the electric vehicle industry, which has almost monopolized the electric vehicle battery market for more than 20 years, thanks to the advantages of price and safety.
Even if lead-acid batteries are bulging, it will not produce high-risk situations such as fire and explosion and the ease of use at low cost. Although lithium-ion batteries have been increasing investment in recent years, the actual use of lead-acid batteries still accounts for a large market share
In China, GB24155-2020 “electric motorcycle and electric mopeds safety requirements” and GB42295-2022 “Electric bicycle electrical safety Requirements” two strong standards of the battery protection requirements, which makes the electric vehicle products in the use of batteries have higher requirements, due to the safety of lead-acid batteries, favored by the masses.
In the comparison of lead acid battery vs lithium ion, the charging safety of lithium battery is not as good as that of lead acid battery, so there will be some cases of improper charging leading to battery explosion.
Now many battery manufacturers have launched battery swap stations, like TYCORUN ENERGY has a customized battery swapping station solution, lithium battery charging has further protection, so it is estimated that the application of lithium ion motorcycle batteries will be more and more.
The development prospect of lithium battery
On one hand, the continued popularity of the new energy vehicle market has promoted the rapid development of the lithium-ion battery industry. Market demand is rising year by year, and the demand for lithium-ion batteries is also increasing.
On the other hand, because the lithium battery industry continues to improve product quality, increase the research of raw materials, and strengthen the safety of lithium batteries, the application of lithium batteries will be more and more.
Data show that in 2022, the global total shipments of lithium-ion batteries are 957.7GWh, an increase of 70.3%. China’s lithium-ion battery shipments reached 660.8GWh, an increase of 97.7% year-on-year, exceeding the global average growth rate.
The strong market growth not only conforms to the development concept of low-carbon environmental protection, but also promotes China’s breakthrough and innovation in the field of lithium battery technology research and development, forming a certain industrial advantage.
Lithium battery technology is one of the important technologies in the field of new energy in the future. It not only has the advantages of high energy density, safety and reliability, but also is widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage, consumer electronics and other fields. It is also one of the mainstream energy sources in the future.
The power performance of two-wheeled electric vehicles mainly relies on the development level of mainstream battery technology.
At present, China’s two-wheeled electric vehicles are still dominated by lead-acid batteries, but lithium-ion batteries are accelerating development, especially ternary lithium batteries with good rate performance and better low-temperature performance are gradually used in two-wheeled electric vehicles.
Lead acid battery vs lithium ion – which two-wheeler battery is better
Now the use of electric two-wheeler users more and more, the most important is to use the lead acid battery vs lithium ion, that for beginners, may not know which battery is suitable for themselves.
This article will explain the difference between lead acid battery vs lithium ion, and the comparison between them.
Difference between lead acid and lithium ion battery
● Safety of lead acid battery vs lithium ion:
In terms of safety performance, the lead-acid battery is mainly sulfuric acid due to the electrolyte, and the plate is lead.
These are relatively stable substances, although in addition to the sulfuric acid electrolyte, there is also water inside the lead-acid battery, and a short circuit inside the battery will decompose the water into hydrogen and oxygen, both of these gases are combustible gases, especially when hydrogen is excessive, it will explode when it encounters an open flame.
However, gel batteries are generally used now, and the internal moisture content of the battery is small, and the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen is low, so it is not easy to have the risk of fire and explosion.
Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used because of their excellent performance, and their safety has also been widely concerned. Because lithium-ion batteries are composed of highly active positive and negative electrode materials and organic electrolyte, it is very easy to have violent chemical reactions under hot conditions, so the “thermal runaway” caused by various conditions is the main reason for causing dangerous accidents in batteries.
At present, safety measures such as explosion-proof valves, thermal sealing diaphragms and positive temperature coefficient resistors are generally used, and the combination of various safety measures can better improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries.
● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion energy density：
Lead-acid battery: generally 30-50wh/Kg, low energy density, overall weight is relatively heavy.
Lithium-ion batteries: The energy density is generally 100-240wh/Kg, and the energy density of lithium batteries is 3-4 times that of lead acid.
This means that in the case of the same capacity, lithium batteries are 3-4 times that of lead-acid batteries, so from lead acid battery vs lithium ion energy density, lithium batteries occupy the advantage of small tool batteries, power and energy storage batteries.
● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion price:
Lead acid battery: depending on the industry in which the battery is used, it varies from single use to multiple use and group use. From dozens of RMB to tens of thousands of RMB, from small civil batteries, to electric vehicles, traffic vehicle power batteries, to energy storage batteries are different;
Lithium battery: the price is high, lithium battery is about 2-3 times more expensive than lead-acid battery, combined with service life analysis, investment in the same cost, lithium battery life cycle is longer.
Lead acid battery vs lithium ion characteristics
● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion environmental protection aspects:
Lead-acid batteries: there is a large amount of lead in lead-acid batteries, because lead is a heavy metal manufacturing, use, waste after improper treatment, will cause pollution to Ren and the environment;
Lithium-ion battery: because the battery material is basically no toxic and harmful substances, the lithium battery has relatively high requirements in the manufacturing and use process, and there is no pollution in the manufacturing and use, which is considered by the world as a green battery.
So in lead acid battery vs lithium ion, lithium-ion batteries are more environmentally friendly.
● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion service life aspects:
Lead-acid battery: the cycle life of the lead-acid battery according to the use of the environment, the use of different conditions are generally about 300-500 times;
Lithium-ion battery: longer service life, the service life of lithium battery due to different materials, different use environment, different use conditions, the number of cycles is generally about 2000-5000 times.
● Temperature range of application:
The normal operating temperature of the lead-acid battery is -5 to 45 degrees, when the temperature drops 1 degree, the relative capacity of the battery is reduced by about 0.8%; The operating temperature of the lithium battery is -20-60 degrees Celsius, and 100% of the capacity can still be released under high temperature conditions.
● Lead acid battery vs lithium ion charge and discharge performance:
Lead-acid battery:
1. There is a memory effect, can not charge at any time discharge;
2. Self-discharge rate fast phenomenon, the battery shelved for a period of time is easy to scrap;
3. The discharge rate is small, can not be charged and discharged for a long time.
Lithium-ion batteries:
1. No memory effect, the battery can be charged and discharged at any time;
2. The battery self-discharge rate is low, the battery can be stored for a long time;
3. Strong power, fast charge and release, 20 minutes can be filled with more than 80%, 15 minutes can be finished;
4. Can be large rate discharge.
● lead acid battery vs lithium ion battery internal materials:
Lead-acid battery: anode，cathode extremely lead oxide, metal lead, AGM separator, electrolyte sulfuric acid, etc.;
Lithium ion battery: positive and negative extremely lithium cobalt acid/lithium iron phosphate/lithium manganese acid, graphite, organic electrolyte, etc.
Here is a comparison of the various batteries:
Category
Prices
Lead acid battery
0.3-0.6 rmb/wh
Lithium iron phosphate battery
0.8-1.2 rmb/wh
Ternary lithium battery
0.6-1.0 rmb/wh
Lithium manganate battery
0.5-0.9 rmb/wh
Lithium cobalt oxide battery
0.7-1.0 rmb/wh
Lead acid battery vs lithium ion in two-wheeler industry
Lead-acid batteries are not only used in all walks of life, especially in the electric vehicle industry, which has almost monopolized the electric vehicle battery market for more than 20 years, thanks to the advantages of price and safety.
Even if lead-acid batteries are bulging, it will not produce high-risk situations such as fire and explosion and the ease of use at low cost. Although lithium-ion batteries have been increasing investment in recent years, the actual use of lead-acid batteries still accounts for a large market share
In China, GB24155-2020 “electric motorcycle and electric mopeds safety requirements” and GB42295-2022 “Electric bicycle electrical safety Requirements” two strong standards of the battery protection requirements, which makes the electric vehicle products in the use of batteries have higher requirements, due to the safety of lead-acid batteries, favored by the masses.
In the comparison of lead acid battery vs lithium ion, the charging safety of lithium battery is not as good as that of lead acid battery, so there will be some cases of improper charging leading to battery explosion.
Now many battery manufacturers have launched battery swap stations, like TYCORUN ENERGY has a customized battery swapping station solution, lithium battery charging has further protection, so it is estimated that the application of lithium ion motorcycle batteries will be more and more.
The development prospect of lithium battery
On one hand, the continued popularity of the new energy vehicle market has promoted the rapid development of the lithium-ion battery industry. Market demand is rising year by year, and the demand for lithium-ion batteries is also increasing.
On the other hand, because the lithium battery industry continues to improve product quality, increase the research of raw materials, and strengthen the safety of lithium batteries, the application of lithium batteries will be more and more.
Data show that in 2022, the global total shipments of lithium-ion batteries are 957.7GWh, an increase of 70.3%. China’s lithium-ion battery shipments reached 660.8GWh, an increase of 97.7% year-on-year, exceeding the global average growth rate.
The strong market growth not only conforms to the development concept of low-carbon environmental protection, but also promotes China’s breakthrough and innovation in the field of lithium battery technology research and development, forming a certain industrial advantage.
Lithium battery technology is one of the important technologies in the field of new energy in the future. It not only has the advantages of high energy density, safety and reliability, but also is widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage, consumer electronics and other fields. It is also one of the mainstream energy sources in the future.
If you want to know more about the two-wheeler battery manufacturers, you can refer to top 10 two wheeler lithium battery manufacturers in China.
Conclusion
The power performance of two-wheeled electric vehicles mainly relies on the development level of mainstream battery technology.
At present, China’s two-wheeled electric vehicles are still dominated by lead-acid batteries, but lithium-ion batteries are accelerating development, especially ternary lithium batteries with good rate performance and better low-temperature performance are gradually used in two-wheeled electric vehicles.