{"id":31568,"date":"2024-02-23T09:50:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-23T09:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/?p=31568"},"modified":"2024-02-21T09:18:27","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T09:18:27","slug":"tem-analysis-of-lithium-battery-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/tem-analysis-of-lithium-battery-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0422\u0415\u041c-\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"31568\" class=\"elementor elementor-31568\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbda13d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bbda13d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15b07d3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15b07d3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"line-height: 40px\">\u0410\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #333399\"><a style=\"color: #333399;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/china-lithium-battery-materials\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432<\/a><\/span> \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u044f \u0437 \u0457\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1198d358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1198d358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40b6fbf7 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"40b6fbf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;\\u041d\\u0430 \\u0446\\u0456\\u0439 \\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0456\\u043d\\u0446\\u0456 \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0437\\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u043e \\u0437\\u0430\\u0433\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u043a\\u0456\\u0432.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0417\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__40b6fbf7\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__40b6fbf7\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c5b5142 elementor-widget__width-inherit uael-aspect-ratio-16_9 uael-youtube-subscribe-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-video\" data-id=\"3c5b5142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__outer-wrap  uael-video-type-youtube\" data-device=\"false\" data-vsticky=\"no\" data-hidedesktop=\"\" data-hidetablet=\"\" data-hidemobile=\"\" data-vsticky-viewport=\"0\" data-autoplay=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video-inner-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Yjto4QjF8qo?rel=0&amp;start&amp;end&amp;controls=1&amp;mute=0&amp;modestbranding=0&amp;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uael-video__thumb\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Yjto4QjF8qo\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/img> &lt;\/img\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__play-icon uael-animation-\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/YouTube_play_button_icon_2013-2017.svg.png\" alt=\"YouTube_play_button_icon_(2013\u20132017).svg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d58cb81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2d58cb81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bae0466 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bae0466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"line-height: 40px\"><h2 id=\"tem-model-characterization\">\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 TEM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456<\/h2><p>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u041f\u0415\u041c \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457: \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 (HRTEM) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443.<\/p><p>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 (SEAD) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_31578\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31578\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31578 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/TEM-model-characterization.webp\" alt=\"TEM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c-\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31578\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u044f\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0422\u0415\u041c (b) \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u043a<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 1 \u0412\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0422\u0415\u041c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 STEM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c STEM \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044e \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0456\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456 (HAADF) \u0456 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456 (ABF) \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044f\u0445.<\/p><p>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u0445 HAADF \u0447\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0430 ABF \u0447\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u043a Li \u0456 O, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443 2.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_31580\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31580\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31580 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/STEM-model-characterization.webp\" alt=\"STEM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c-\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(\u0430) ABF-\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e LiFePO4; (\u0431) ABF-\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f LiFePO4 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456; (\u0432) ABF-\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f LiFePO4 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456, \u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0456\u0439 Li \u0442\u0430 Li.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 2 \u0410\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 LiFePO4 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0456 \u0457\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430 (EDS), \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0443.<\/p><p>\u0423 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0456 \u0422\u0415\u041c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0456, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0423 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0456 STEM \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u043e\u043a \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443 3.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31584\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/X-ray-spectrum.webp\" alt=\"\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\" width=\"1200\" height=\"650\" \/><\/p><h2 id=\"electronic-holography\">\u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f<\/h2><p>\u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439. \u0417\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457, \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0447\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0456 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044e \u0456 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044e.<\/p><p>\u042f\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 4, \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f 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\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_31585\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31585\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31585 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Electronic-holography.webp\" alt=\"\u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31585\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(\u0430) \u041e\u0431'\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0456 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0438; (\u0431) \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0424\u0443\u0440'\u0454 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044e\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u0424\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0456 \u0454 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 4 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457<\/strong><\/p><h2 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\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0456\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 (EELS) \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0456\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 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\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0456 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457.<\/p><p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0456 \u0432\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e.<\/p><p><strong>\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0436 EELS \u0442\u0430 EDS \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0456 1:<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-075a8a1 uael-header-sticky-no uael-border-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table\" data-id=\"075a8a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div itemscope class=\"uael-table-wrapper\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Table\">\n\t\t<table id=\"uael-table-id-075a8a1\" class=\"uael-text-break uael-column-rules uael-table\" data-sort-table=\"no\" data-show-entry=\"no\" data-searchable=\"no\" data-responsive=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"0\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-6b798c6 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"1\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-bd6e2be uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0415\u0426\u041f<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"2\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-9adb86d uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0423\u0413\u0420\u0418<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t<!-- ROWS -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"1\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-159e6ce\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0415\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td> <\/p> <p> <\/p> <p> <\/p> <\/p> <p> <\/p> {\\a6}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-707628d\" data-title=\"EDS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0415\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e 100 \u0435\u0412<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-314a43f\" data-title=\"EELS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435 1\u0435\u0412<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"2\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-76c2f20\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-57da9dc\" data-title=\"EDS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0414\u043e 2000 \u0435\u0412 \u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-fe59450\" data-title=\"EELS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0-1000 \u0435\u0412, \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"3\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-dd3c687\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0427\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td> <\/p> <p> <\/p> <p> <\/p> <\/p> <p> <\/p> {\\a6}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-cd883e3\" data-title=\"EDS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0414\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437 EELS\n\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-346a547\" data-title=\"EELS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0439\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0444\u0443 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"4\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-133450c\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0412\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0443\n\n\t\n\n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td> <\/p> <p> <\/p> <p> <\/p> <\/p> <p> <\/p> {\\a6}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-ff014ef\" data-title=\"EDS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456, \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432\n\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-7b01382\" data-title=\"EELS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee39338 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee39338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"line-height: 40px;text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31589\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Electron-energy-loss-spectrum.webp\" alt=\"\u0421\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1172\" \/><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 5 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449 \u0432\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u0433\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043a<\/strong><\/div><div style=\"line-height: 40px\"><h2 id=\"convergent-beam-electron-diffractio\">\u0414\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0443<\/h2><p>\u0414\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430 (CBED) \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439. CBED \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0424\u0443\u0440'\u0454 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 (\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438) \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0424\u0443\u0440'\u0454 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443.<\/p><p>\u0412\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443, \u0447\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438.<\/p><p>\u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438. \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456 LiNiO2 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 6. \u041e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 CBED \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0456 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043a, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 CBED \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #333399\"><a style=\"color: #333399;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/lithium-ion-battery-chemistry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0425\u0456\u043c\u0456\u044f \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432<\/a><\/span> \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_31596\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31596\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31596\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Convergent-beam-electron-diffractio.webp\" alt=\"\u0414\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1189\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31596\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 CBED \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 LiNiO2; (b) \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 6\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><h2 id=\"cryoelectron-microscopy\">\u041a\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u044f<\/h2><p>\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u0434 \u0456 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #333399\"><a style=\"color: #333399;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/solid-state-battery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/a><\/span> \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0454 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p><p>\u041d\u0435\u0449\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0406 \u0426\u0443\u0439 \u0437\u0456 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0406\u043d \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0437 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d-\u0414\u0456\u0454\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 HRTEM-\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u044e, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0443, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e.<\/p><p>\u0423 \"The <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #333399\"><a style=\"color: #333399;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/lithium-ion-battery-electrolyte\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432<\/a><\/span> \u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0454 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0432.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0456\u043e-\u0424\u0406\u0411 (cryo-FIB), \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 7.<\/p><div class=\"mceTemp\">\u00a0<\/div><figure id=\"attachment_31601\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31601\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31601 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Cryoelectron-microscopy.webp\" alt=\"\u041a\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u044f\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31601\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) FIB-\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 I, SEI \u043c\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0443; (b) FIB-\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 II \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0443; (c) HAADF Cryo-STEM \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 I, SEI \u043c\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0443; (d) HAADF Cryo-STEM \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 II \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0443.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 7 <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u0412\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0454\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #333399\"><a style=\"color: #333399;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/charging-and-discharging-of-lithium-ion-battery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/a><\/span> \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p><p>\u0423 2009 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d. \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0456\u043f \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 (\u041c\u0415\u041c\u0421) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 in situ, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 1000 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0456\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e STEM;<\/p><p>\u0413\u043e\u043d\u0433 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d. \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0456, \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456 (\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u0440\u0438\u0441. 8), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443.<\/p><p>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0443, \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0447\u0456\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0456\u043f\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c in situ.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_31602\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31602\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31602 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/In-situ-electricity-generation.webp\" alt=\"\u0412\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31602\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) \u0421\u0415\u041c-\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c FIB; (b) \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430; (c) ABF-\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 LiCoO2; (d) \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0435 HAADF-\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 LiCoO2.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 8 \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/strong><\/p><h2 id=\"in-situ-variable-temperature\">\u0417\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456<\/h2><p>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456.<\/p><p>\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457 in situ \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f\u043a \u043a\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0456 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0443.<\/p><p>\u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443 9 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0423 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 in-situ \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_31603\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31603\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31603 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/In-situ-variable-temperature.webp\" alt=\"\u0417\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31603\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) HRTEM \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f; (b) HRTEM \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 100\u00b0C; (c) HRTEM \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 200\u00b0C; (d) HRTEM \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 300\u2103.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 9 [HRTEM \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a Li0.15Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0412\u0456\u043d\u044c\u0454\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456.<\/p><h2 id=\"3d-reconstruction\">3D-\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f<\/h2><p>\u0417\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0457: \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d - \u0446\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430; \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 - \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0456.<\/p><p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 10. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 3D-\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456 \u0454 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0412\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 3D-\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_31604\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31604\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31604\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3D-reconstruction.webp\" alt=\"3D-\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31604\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(\u0430) \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 3D-\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0456\u0432; (\u0431) \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f 3D-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 10<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f0e4fb4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4f0e4fb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c630e63 elementor-author-box--layout-image-left elementor-author-box--link-yes elementor-author-box--avatar-yes elementor-author-box--name-yes elementor-author-box--biography-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"4c630e63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cropped-mmexport1689048776805-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u041b\u0430\u043a\u0456\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041b\u0430\u043a\u0456.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0442, \u044f \u041b\u0430\u043a\u0456, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457, \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/author\/lucky\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0412\u0441\u0456 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b744a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b744a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041f\u043e\u0432'\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57806c3a elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"57806c3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" 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size-medium wp-image-28920\" alt=\"\u0442\u043e\u043f-10-\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457\" title=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/top-10-lithium-ion-battery-electrolyte-manufacturer\/\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0422\u043e\u043f-10 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t27 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-27974 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-battery-industry category-battery-materials category-top-battery-list tag-battery tag-cell tag-lithium\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/top-10-nmp-solvent-manufacturers-in-china\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Top-10-NMP-solvent-manufacturers-in-China-in-2023-300x225.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-27975\" alt=\"\u0422\u043e\u043f-10 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 NMP \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457 \u0443 2023 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456\" title=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/top-10-nmp-solvent-manufacturers-in-china\/\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0422\u043e\u043f-10 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 NMP \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t26 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043d\u044f, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-27573 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-battery-industry category-battery-materials category-top-battery-list tag-battery tag-cell tag-lithium\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/top-10-lithium-ion-battery-separater-manufacturers-in-china\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/top-10-lithium-ion-battery-separater-manufacturers-in-china-300x225.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-27574\" alt=\"\u0442\u043e\u043f-10-\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432-\u0441\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457\" title=\"\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/uk\/top-10-lithium-ion-battery-separater-manufacturers-in-china\/\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0422\u043e\u043f-10 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t12 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043d\u044f, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0457. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u044f \u0437 \u0457\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0456\u0439-\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":31570,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_rtcl_gb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[224,223,222],"tags":[220,228,221],"class_list":["post-31568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-battery-industry","category-battery-materials","category-battery-news","tag-battery","tag-cell","tag-lithium"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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