{"id":26962,"date":"2023-07-24T09:35:45","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T09:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/?p=26962"},"modified":"2023-07-24T10:00:48","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T10:00:48","slug":"electrospinning-technology-application","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/pt\/electrospinning-technology-application\/","title":{"rendered":"Tecnologia de electrospinning - aplica\u00e7\u00e3o em baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26962\" class=\"elementor elementor-26962\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11711d25 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"11711d25\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ae67b40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ae67b40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"line-height: 40px;\">A tecnologia de electrospinning tem as vantagens de um equipamento simples, de uma opera\u00e7\u00e3o simples e de uma efici\u00eancia de produ\u00e7\u00e3o relativamente elevada, sendo amplamente utilizada na prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de nanofibras. As nanofibras preparadas por tecnologia de electrofia\u00e7\u00e3o, com grande \u00e1rea de superf\u00edcie espec\u00edfica e sendo macias, s\u00e3o amplamente utilizadas em catalisadores, prote\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental, absor\u00e7\u00e3o de ru\u00eddo, eletr\u00f3nica, medicina e baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cec1837 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2cec1837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2cec1837\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Abrir o \u00edndice\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2cec1837\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fechar o \u00edndice\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2cec1837\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-571de70a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"571de70a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fca1cc4 uael-aspect-ratio-16_9 uael-youtube-subscribe-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-video\" data-id=\"6fca1cc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__outer-wrap  uael-video-type-youtube\" data-device=\"false\" data-vsticky=\"no\" data-hidedesktop=\"\" data-hidetablet=\"\" data-hidemobile=\"\" data-vsticky-viewport=\"0\" data-autoplay=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video-inner-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__play\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SGXR14a3nRI?rel=0&amp;start&amp;end&amp;controls=1&amp;mute=0&amp;modestbranding=0&amp;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"uael-video__thumb\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/SGXR14a3nRI\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/img>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-video__play-icon uael-animation-\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/YouTube_play_button_icon_2013-2017.svg.png\" alt=\"YouTube_play_button_icon_(2013\u20132017).svg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b397c84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b397c84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22277ecd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22277ecd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"line-height: 40px;\"><h2 id=\"principles-of-electrospinning-technology\">Princ\u00edpios da tecnologia de electrospinning<\/h2><p>Como mostra a figura abaixo, o equipamento necess\u00e1rio para a centrifuga\u00e7\u00e3o eletrost\u00e1tica inclui uma fonte de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de alta tens\u00e3o, um dispositivo de recolha, um dispositivo de armazenamento da solu\u00e7\u00e3o e um dispositivo de inje\u00e7\u00e3o. O princ\u00edpio consiste em utilizar uma fonte de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de alta tens\u00e3o para formar uma diferen\u00e7a de tens\u00e3o entre a solu\u00e7\u00e3o e o dispositivo de recolha, de modo a que a solu\u00e7\u00e3o ultrapasse a tens\u00e3o superficial do l\u00edquido e forme um cone de Taylor.<\/p><p>Quando o <span style=\"color: #333399;\"><a style=\"color: #333399;\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/pt\/lithium-ion-battery-voltage\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tens\u00e3o da bateria de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio<\/span><\/a><\/span> excede um determinado valor, o l\u00edquido \u00e9 pulverizado a partir da extremidade do cone de Taylor. O l\u00edquido pulverizado \u00e9 esticado ao longo da dire\u00e7\u00e3o da for\u00e7a do campo el\u00e9trico, arrefecido e volatilizado pelo solvente, formando finalmente nanofibras no dispositivo de recolha. Em circunst\u00e2ncias normais, a tens\u00e3o necess\u00e1ria para a centrifuga\u00e7\u00e3o eletrost\u00e1tica \u00e9 de alguns milhares de volts a dezenas de milhares de volts.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_27002\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27002\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27002\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/principles-of-electrospinning-technology.webp\" alt=\"princ\u00edpios da tecnologia de electrospinning\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27002\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Princ\u00edpios da tecnologia de electrospinning<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2 id=\"factors-influencing-electrospinning-technology\">Factores que influenciam a tecnologia de electrospinning<\/h2><p>A aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da tecnologia de electrospinning \u00e9 afetada por uma s\u00e9rie de par\u00e2metros de processo, e a altera\u00e7\u00e3o subtil dos par\u00e2metros de processo ter\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m um certo impacto na morfologia, estrutura e propriedades das nanofibras. Os principais impactos dividem-se em quatro categorias:<\/p><ol><li>Propriedades da solu\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo viscoelasticidade, condutividade, tens\u00e3o superficial, etc.<\/li><li>Par\u00e2metros de electrospinning, como a tens\u00e3o, a dist\u00e2ncia entre a agulha da fieira e o dispositivo de recolha e a velocidade de propuls\u00e3o do l\u00edquido, etc.<\/li><li>Par\u00e2metros ambientais, como a temperatura, a humidade do ar, etc.<\/li><li>M\u00e9todo de recolha.<\/li><\/ol><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27003\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Factors-influencing-electrospinning-technology.webp\" alt=\"Factores que influenciam a tecnologia de electrospinning\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p><p>As propriedades da solu\u00e7\u00e3o, os par\u00e2metros de electrospinning e os par\u00e2metros ambientais afectar\u00e3o a taxa de volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e o tempo do solvente, o tamanho da for\u00e7a do campo el\u00e9trico, a divis\u00e3o e a cura da fibra, de modo a afetar o tamanho e a uniformidade do di\u00e2metro da fibra. O m\u00e9todo de recolha afecta a orienta\u00e7\u00e3o e a forma das fibras.<\/p><p>Nos \u00faltimos anos, as nanofibras com v\u00e1rias estruturas \u00fanicas preparadas pela tecnologia de electrospinning t\u00eam sido amplamente utilizadas na <a href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/pt\/lithium-battery-industry\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">ind\u00fastria das pilhas de l\u00edtio<\/span><\/a>. A tecnologia de electrospinning pode ser utilizada para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de tr\u00eas materiais-chave da bateria de l\u00edtio: materiais cat\u00f3dicos, materiais an\u00f3dicos e separadores.<\/p><h2 id=\"electrospinning-technology-applications-cathode-materials\">Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es da tecnologia de electrospinning - materiais cat\u00f3dicos<\/h2><p>O c\u00e1todo \u00e9 o principal dador de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio (Li+) nas baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio e \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m um fator-chave que afecta a taxa de transmiss\u00e3o dos i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio. O desenvolvimento de baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio seguras, econ\u00f3micas, de elevado desempenho e de elevada capacidade <a href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/pt\/cathode-materials\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">materiais cat\u00f3dicos<\/span><\/a> pode promover eficazmente a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio.<\/p><p>Atualmente, a capacidade de descarga espec\u00edfica dos materiais an\u00f3dicos comerciais (como o LiFePO4) \u00e9 geralmente inferior a 200mAh\/g, o que constitui um dos estrangulamentos que restringe a procura crescente de baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio de elevada densidade energ\u00e9tica e de baixo custo. Entre os v\u00e1rios m\u00e9todos para melhorar as propriedades electroqu\u00edmicas dos materiais cat\u00f3dicos, o nano-revestimento e o controlo da morfologia das nanoestruturas atrav\u00e9s da tecnologia de electrospinning revelaram-se m\u00e9todos eficazes.<\/p><p>Os investigadores sintetizaram com \u00eaxito o material cat\u00f3dico Li1.2Ni0.17Co0.17Mn0.5O2, semelhante a uma flor, utilizando a tecnologia de electrospinning de alta tens\u00e3o e tratamento t\u00e9rmico. Esta morfologia porosa e ordenada, semelhante a uma flor, pode promover a r\u00e1pida difus\u00e3o dos i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio e a bateria montada pode ter uma capacidade de descarga c\u00edclica de at\u00e9 235mAh\/g.<\/p><p>A electrospinning, um m\u00e9todo de s\u00edntese simples e vi\u00e1vel, proporciona uma forma eficaz de conceber a estrutura ideal do c\u00e1todo das baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27004\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Electrospinning-technology-applications-cathode-materials.webp\" alt=\"Electrospinning-tecnologia-aplica\u00e7\u00f5es-materiais cat\u00f3dicos\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p><p>Alguns investigadores sintetizaram tamb\u00e9m nanoestruturas de pent\u00f3xido de van\u00e1dio (V2O5) de morfologia control\u00e1vel (tais como nanotubos de V2O5 porosos, nanofibras de V2O5 em camadas e nanorib\u00f5es de V2O5 monocristalinos) atrav\u00e9s da estrat\u00e9gia de \"tecnologia de electrospinning e subsequente tratamento de recozimento\", que s\u00e3o utilizadas como materiais cat\u00f3dicos de elevado desempenho para baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio, apresentando uma elevada capacidade revers\u00edvel e um excelente desempenho em ciclos.<\/p><p>Os nanotubos porosos de V2O5 t\u00eam uma densidade de pot\u00eancia de 40,2 kW\/kg e uma densidade de energia de 201 Wh\/kg. Al\u00e9m disso, a dopagem de elementos met\u00e1licos de transi\u00e7\u00e3o pode tamb\u00e9m melhorar o desempenho do material ativo do el\u00e9trodo, de modo a melhorar o desempenho eletroqu\u00edmico das baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio.<\/p><p>Al\u00e9m disso, os investigadores prepararam nanofibras compostas de Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4\/carbono combinando electrospinning e tratamento t\u00e9rmico. Verificou-se que a dopagem com ferro melhorou a condutividade e a pureza dos materiais do el\u00e9trodo, e a matriz de nanofibras de carbono promoveu a transfer\u00eancia de i\u00f5es e a difus\u00e3o de cargas. O material apresenta uma boa capacidade revers\u00edvel e um excelente desempenho em ciclos quando utilizado como c\u00e1todo de uma bateria de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio.<\/p><h2 id=\"electrospinning-technology-applications-anode-materials\">Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es da tecnologia de electrospinning - materiais an\u00f3dicos<\/h2><p>Nos \u00faltimos anos, devido \u00e0 baixa taxa de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de energia dos materiais an\u00f3dicos simples \u00e0 base de carbono, a <a href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/pt\/lithium-ion-battery-anode-materials\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\">\u00e2nodo de bateria de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio<\/span><\/span><\/a> A conce\u00e7\u00e3o da estrutura tornou-se mais complexa e fina, com a ajuda da tecnologia de pel\u00edcula de seda de revestimento por pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o eletrost\u00e1tica\/rota\u00e7\u00e3o eletrost\u00e1tica pode ultrapassar o estrangulamento relevante.<\/p><p>Por exemplo, para resolver os problemas da baixa utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da capacidade e do fraco desempenho de ciclo do \u00e2nodo de baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio \u00e0 base de di\u00f3xido de tit\u00e2nio\/carbono (TiO2\/C), os investigadores prepararam nanofibras dendr\u00edticas de TiO2@carbono mesoporoso (TiO2@MCNFs) por electrospinning, tratamento hidrot\u00e9rmico e processos de carboniza\u00e7\u00e3o (como na figura abaixo).<\/p><p>Como suporte da espinha dorsal, o material comp\u00f3sito dendr\u00edtico TiO2@MCNFs tem um grande n\u00famero de redes de nano-tio2 expostas, que podem fornecer canais cristalinos intr\u00ednsecos para o transporte de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio. O seu esqueleto de nanofibras de carbono entrela\u00e7adas tem uma elevada integridade estrutural e flexibilidade mec\u00e2nica. Como material an\u00f3dico, o TiO2@MCNFs dendr\u00edtico tem uma excelente capacidade de descarga inicial (1932mAh\/g) e um excelente desempenho em ciclos (capacidade revers\u00edvel de 617mAh\/g ap\u00f3s 100 ciclos).<\/p><p>A estrutura \u00fanica e as excelentes propriedades electroqu\u00edmicas dos comp\u00f3sitos de matriz de carbono dendr\u00edtico proporcionam uma nova ideia para o desenvolvimento de materiais pr\u00e1ticos de \u00e2nodo de nanofibras de carbono por electrospinning, dopados com azoto, enxofre, f\u00f3sforo e boro heteratomados. Por exemplo, nanofibras de carbono dopadas com azoto modificadas com nanopart\u00edculas de sil\u00edcio (W-Si@N-CNFs) e nanofibras de carbono dopadas com azoto com canais abertos (N-CNFO) foram preparadas por electrospinning.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_27005\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27005\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27005\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/preparation-of-dendritic-TiO2@MCNFs.webp\" alt=\"prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de TiO2@MCNFs dendr\u00edticos\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1100\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27005\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de TiO2@MCNFs dendr\u00edticas<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Os materiais de \u00f3xido met\u00e1lico com elevada capacidade espec\u00edfica te\u00f3rica s\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m considerados materiais an\u00f3dicos promissores. A utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de nanopart\u00edculas de metais de transi\u00e7\u00e3o para melhorar a reatividade eletroqu\u00edmica da superf\u00edcie contribui para melhorar ainda mais o desempenho da bateria. Por exemplo, \u00f3xido de ferro (Fe2O3) - comp\u00f3sito de fibra de carbono, \u00f3xido de mangan\u00eas (MnO) - comp\u00f3sito de fibra de carbono, nanofibras de Li4Ti5O12 revestidas com uma camada altamente condutora de nitreto de tit\u00e2nio (TiN) \/TiOxNy.<\/p><p>Al\u00e9m disso, estruturas especiais de fibras, tais como nanofibras ocas de \u00f3xido de n\u00edquel (NiO) preparadas por electrospinning e tecidos n\u00e3o tecidos \u00e0 base de sil\u00edcio\/carbono (Si\/C) @CNF preparados por electrospinning coaxial, podem tamb\u00e9m melhorar significativamente as propriedades electroqu\u00edmicas dos materiais an\u00f3dicos.<\/p><h2 id=\"electrospinning-technology-applications-separators\">Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es da tecnologia de electrospinning - separadores<\/h2><p>As membranas de nanofibras electrospun (monocamada, multicamada, comp\u00f3sita e modificada) t\u00eam as caracter\u00edsticas de estrutura porosa, elevada porosidade e grande \u00e1rea de superf\u00edcie espec\u00edfica, e s\u00e3o materiais candidatos ideais para membranas celulares para melhorar a efici\u00eancia do transporte de i\u00f5es. Como pol\u00edmero funcional especial com excelentes propriedades globais, a poliimida (PI) foi desenvolvida como membrana de nanofibras electrospun.<\/p><p>Os investigadores prepararam uma pel\u00edcula robusta de nanofibras de poliimida fluorada (FPI) atrav\u00e9s do processo de electrospinning\/t\u00e9rmico de reticula\u00e7\u00e3o, com um diafragma de elevada resist\u00eancia mec\u00e2nica (31,7MPa), pequena dimens\u00e3o m\u00e9dia dos poros e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o estreita da dimens\u00e3o dos poros, apresentando um bom desempenho na preven\u00e7\u00e3o do crescimento e penetra\u00e7\u00e3o de dendritos de l\u00edtio, podendo ser montada numa bateria de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio segura e fi\u00e1vel.<\/p><p>Combinando as vantagens de diferentes camadas de fibras, as membranas nanofibrosas com uma estrutura multicamada podem ser preparadas ajustando a sequ\u00eancia de fia\u00e7\u00e3o e, como separador multicamada, pode obter-se um desempenho mais excelente em termos de resist\u00eancia mec\u00e2nica, estabilidade t\u00e9rmica e desempenho eletroqu\u00edmico.<\/p><p>Alguns investigadores fabricaram um novo separador de baterias de nanofibras PVDF\/polim-fenileno isoftalamida (PMIA)\/PVDF com estrutura em sandu\u00edche, com forte resist\u00eancia mec\u00e2nica (resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 13,96MPa) e estabilidade t\u00e9rmica atrav\u00e9s da tecnologia de electrospinning sequencial.<\/p><p>A adi\u00e7\u00e3o de dois ou mais pol\u00edmeros org\u00e2nicos ou cargas inorg\u00e2nicas \u00e0 solu\u00e7\u00e3o de electrospinning para preparar membranas nanofibrosas comp\u00f3sitas \u00e9 outra forma eficaz de melhorar o desempenho dos separadores.<\/p><p>Uma vez que os diferentes pol\u00edmeros ou cargas inorg\u00e2nicas t\u00eam diferentes propriedades f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas e propriedades electroqu\u00edmicas, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com um \u00fanico precursor de pol\u00edmero, o desempenho global das membranas compostas que cont\u00eam v\u00e1rios materiais polim\u00e9ricos \u00e9 melhorado.<\/p><p>Por exemplo, os investigadores prepararam membranas de fibra comp\u00f3sita de lenhina\/poliacrilonitrilo (L-PANs) por electrospinning. Gra\u00e7as \u00e0 elevada porosidade (74%) e \u00e0 boa molhabilidade do eletr\u00f3lito das L-PANs, as baterias montadas apresentaram um bom desempenho em termos de taxa e de ciclo. Devido ao baixo custo de prepara\u00e7\u00e3o e ao processo simples das L-PANs, estas podem ser utilizadas como materiais candidatos ideais para separadores de baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_27006\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27006\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27006 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Preparation-of-PVDF-HFP-PDA-composite-membrane.webp\" alt=\"Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de uma membrana composta de PVDF-HFP-PDA\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27006\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o da membrana composta de PVDF-HFP-PDA<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>A fim de melhorar ainda mais as propriedades mec\u00e2nicas e electroqu\u00edmicas da membrana electrofiada, outro m\u00e9todo eficaz \u00e9 o p\u00f3s-tratamento da membrana electrofiada (incluindo a modifica\u00e7\u00e3o da sua estrutura qu\u00edmica ou morfologia da superf\u00edcie), a fim de obter um separador modificado com excelentes propriedades globais.<br \/>Os investigadores modificaram e fizeram crescer uma camada fina de camada funcional de polidopamina (PDA) na superf\u00edcie das nanofibras de PVDF-HFP atrav\u00e9s de m\u00e9todos de electrospinning e de revestimento por imers\u00e3o, formando uma estrutura \u00fanica de n\u00facleo-casca (como se mostra na figura acima), que serve de separador modificado de alta seguran\u00e7a.<\/p><p>Estabilidade do ciclo e desempenho da taxa, e todo o processo de rea\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 realizado numa solu\u00e7\u00e3o aquosa amiga do ambiente, que pode cumprir os requisitos de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o segura de grandes baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio.<\/p><h2 id=\"summary\">Resumo<\/h2><p>Sendo uma nova tecnologia que foi gradualmente investigada e aplicada em todo o mundo no final do s\u00e9culo XX, a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da tecnologia de electrospinning no dom\u00ednio das baterias de i\u00f5es de l\u00edtio come\u00e7ou gradualmente.<\/p><p>Em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com v\u00e1rias tecnologias, como a moagem de bolas de alta energia e a deposi\u00e7\u00e3o de vapor, a tecnologia de electrospinning tem as vantagens de um princ\u00edpio simples, opera\u00e7\u00e3o conveniente e baixo custo de prepara\u00e7\u00e3o, e tornou-se gradualmente um dos m\u00e9todos mais utilizados para <a href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/pt\/china-lithium-battery-materials\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\">materiais para pilhas<\/span><\/a> constru\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>No entanto, nas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es comerciais, esta tecnologia apresenta ainda muitos desafios, como o problema da produ\u00e7\u00e3o em massa, a forma de conseguir um controlo preciso das nanoestruturas, etc., que necessitam de ser optimizados e melhorados.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d06b61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18d06b61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b82215d elementor-author-box--layout-image-left elementor-author-box--link-yes elementor-author-box--avatar-yes elementor-author-box--name-yes elementor-author-box--biography-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"4b82215d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cropped-avatar-2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Foto de Hailey\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHailey\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOl\u00e1, sou a Hailey. Desde que me licenciei com o meu mestrado em f\u00edsica, dediquei-me \u00e0 ind\u00fastria das baterias de l\u00edtio e trabalhei com engenheiros de baterias de l\u00edtio para concluir v\u00e1rios projectos de conce\u00e7\u00e3o e fabrico de baterias de l\u00edtio. Com base nos conhecimentos electr\u00f3nicos como engenheiro de baterias de l\u00edtio durante mais de 4 anos, sou agora o principal respons\u00e1vel pela reda\u00e7\u00e3o de conte\u00fados sobre baterias de l\u00edtio e gostaria de partilhar as minhas opini\u00f5es convosco.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/pt\/author\/hailey\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTodas as publica\u00e7\u00f5es\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a0ee31a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a0ee31a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Publica\u00e7\u00e3o relacionada<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bc1e5ff elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"5bc1e5ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26635 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-battery-industry category-battery-knowledge category-battery-materials tag-battery tag-cell tag-lithium\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/pt\/lithium-carbonate\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/batteryswapstation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/lithium-carbonate-basic-knowledge-and-industry-overview-300x225.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26637\" alt=\"carbonato de l\u00edtio - 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